It's years after the American Civil War and former Union sharpshooter Dan Evans (CHRISTIAN BALE) is trying to keep businessman Hollander (LENNIE LOFTIN) from taking his ranch due to overdue loans. If that and Hollander's men burning down his barn aren't bad enough, Dan -- who lost a leg in the war -- is tired of how his boys, 14-year-old William (LOGAN LERMAN) and his younger, tuberculosis-suffering brother Mark (BENJAMIN PETRY), look at him either in disdain or disappointment, and how his wife, Alice (GRETCHEN MOL), simply doesn't look at him anymore.
Accordingly, and desperate to save both his ranch and family, Dan makes the risky choice of helping capture notorious robber and murderer Ben Wade (RUSSELL CROWE). He and his motley gang, including resident psychopath Charlie Prince (BEN FOSTER), recently knocked off yet another stagecoach, leaving security man Byron McElroy (PETER FONDA) wounded but determined to bring the robbers to justice.
Alongside Doc Potter (ALAN TUDYK) and others who work for railroad man
Grayson Butterfield (DALLAS ROBERTS) who wants the robberies to stop, Dan sets off from home with Ben in tow, attempting to transport him to Contention where he'll be boarded on the 3:10 pm train to the federal prison in Yuma.
Between having to cross through dangerous Apache territory while also dealing with Charlie and the others, Dan knows the journey will be fraught with danger and death. Yet, and with few options, Dan continues on his quest, determined to accomplish the task at hand, all while being forced to interact with the charismatic but deadly robber.